Opencast Mining an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
(Actual mining and processing in less than 1 km 2) amp;gt;20: 110% of ML area acquires with clearance from MOM, MOF and MOE. Creation of lumpy and fine waste. No reserve forestland permitted for mining and waste dumping. Beneficiation/smelting: Limited area for process plant: Life of mine: Generation of fine waste, fluid, solid